Intravenous Vitamin C / ascorbate has an outstanding safety profile and is effective against ovarian cancer.

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Sci Transl Med. 2014 Feb 5;6(222):222ra18. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007154.

High-dose parenteral ascorbate enhanced chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer and reduced toxicity of chemotherapy.

Ma Y1, Chapman J, Levine M, Polireddy K, Drisko J, Chen Q.

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Intravenous Vitamin C / ascorbate was found to be effective against ovarian cancer in vivo.

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Cancer Discov. 2014 Apr;4(4):OF15. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-RW2014-043. Epub 2014 Feb 20.

Parenteral ascorbate is beneficial in ovarian cancer therapy.

 

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Daily intravenous Vitamin C / ascorbate significantly decreased growth rate of aggressive ovarian and other tumors.

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Proc. National Acad of Sci. USA.  2008 Aug 12;105(32):11105-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0804226105. Epub 2008 Aug 4.

Pharmacologic doses of ascorbate act as a prooxidant and decrease growth of aggressive tumor xenografts in mice.

Chen Q, Espey MG, Sun AY, Pooput C, Kirk KL, Krishna MC, Khosh DB, Drisko J, Levine M. 

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A combination of Vitamin C and Vitamin K began to kill human ovarian cancer cells within an hour.

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Microsc Microanal. 2003 Aug;9(4):311-29.

Microscopic aspects of autoschizic cell death in human ovarian carcinoma (2774) cells following vitamin C, vitamin K3 or vitamin C:K3 treatment.

Gilloteaux J1, Jamison JM, Arnold D, Taper HS, Von Gruenigen VE, Summers JL.

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These findings suggest that dietary intake of folate may reduce risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers and dietary intake of vitamin B6 may reduce risk of ovarian cancer

 

Nutr Cancer.  Arthur RS, Kirsh VA, Rohan TE. Dietary B-Vitamin Intake and Risk of Breast, Endometrial, Ovarian and Colorectal Cancer among Canadians. 2019 Apr 7;:1-11. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1597904. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30955365.

 

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Vitamin D deficiency results in an increase in the risk of developing ovarian cancer and that vitamin supplements may potentially be an efficient way of preventing cancer. 

 

J Ovarian Res.  Guo H, Guo J, Xie W, Yuan L, Sheng X. The role of vitamin D in ovarian cancer: epidemiology, molecular mechanism and prevention. 2018 Aug 29;11(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s13048-018-0443-7. Review. PubMed PMID: 30157901; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6114234.

 

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Icariin a chemical compound used in Chinese herbal medicine suppresses the growth of ovarian cancer cells and makes them less likely to spread.

 

Oncol Rep.  Wang P, Zhang J, Xiong X, Yuan W, Qin S, Cao W, Dai L, Xie F, Li A, Liu Z. Icariin suppresses cell cycle transition and cell migration in ovarian cancer cells. .2019 Apr;41(4):2321-2328. doi: 10.3892/or.2019.6986. Epub 2019 Jan 28. PubMed PMID: 30720119.

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Mistletoe extract can produce favorable outcomes in patients with platinum-refractory ovarian cancer.

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Case report.  Hwang WY, Kang MH, Lee SK, Yeom JS, Jung MH. Prolonged stabilization of platinum-refractory ovarian cancer in a single patient undergoing long-term Mistletoe extract treatment: Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Feb;98(8):e14536. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014536. PubMed PMID: 30813160; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6407985.

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Marsdenia tenacissima extract inhibits the spread and promotes the death of in human ovarian cancer cells.

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Med Sci Monit.   Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Marsdenia Tenacissima Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. 2018 Sep 9;24:6289-6297. doi: 10.12659/MSM.909726. PubMed PMID: 30196309.

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A compound from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) interferes with the growth and development of ovarian cancer cells.

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J Funct Foods.   Zhang Y, Chen S, Wei C, Rankin GO, Rojanasakul Y, Ren N, Ye X, Chen YC. Dietary Compound Proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves inhibit angiogenesis and regulate cell cycle of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells via targeting Akt pathway. 2018 Jan;40:573-581. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.11.045. Epub 2017 Dec 22. PubMed PMID: 29576805; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5863932.

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Palmatine a compound from Rutidea parviflora is shown to cause the death of Ovarian cancer cells.

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Toxins (Basel).   Johnson-Ajinwo OR, Richardson A, Li WW. Palmatine from Unexplored Rutidea parviflora Showed Cytotoxicity and Induction of Apoptosis in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. 2019 Apr 25;11(4). doi: 10.3390/toxins11040237. PubMed PMID: 31027283; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6521182.

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Formononetin, a compound from Astragalus membranaceus inhibits the growth and capability to spread of ovarian cancer cells.

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J Ethnopharmacol.  Zhang J, Liu L, Wang J, Ren B, Zhang L, Li W. Formononetin, an isoflavone from Astragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells.2018 Jul 15;221:91-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.014. Epub 2018 Apr 13. PubMed PMID: 29660466.

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Thai black ginger (Kaempferia parviflora) inhibits the spread of cancer and induces the death of cancer cells.

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BMC Complement Altern Med.  Paramee S, Sookkhee S, Sakonwasun C, Na Takuathung M, Mungkornasawakul P, Nimlamool W, Potikanond S. Anti-cancer effects of Kaempferia parviflora on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. 2018 Jun 11;18(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s12906-018-2241-6. PubMed PMID: 29891015; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5996531.

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Curcumin a popular supplement and a compound found in turmeric root can cause ovarian cancer cells to die.

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Arch Gynecol Obstet.  Liu LD, Pang YX, Zhao XR, Li R, Jin CJ, Xue J, Dong RY, Liu PS. Curcumin induces apoptotic cell death and protective autophagy by inhibiting AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway in human ovarian cancer cells. 2019 Jun;299(6):1627-1639. doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05058-3. Epub 2019 Apr 21. PubMed PMID: 31006841.

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Allium sativum might be an effective adjuvant therapy for patients with osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer and other malignant tumors. 

Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2017;65(3):209-217. doi: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00844.

Antitumor Allium Sulfides.

Nohara T1, Fujiwara Y, El-Aasr M, Ikeda T, Ono M, Nakano D, Kinjo J.

 

 

Women with the highest intakes of supplemental selenium lower risk of ovarian cancer.

 

J Nutr. 2017 Feb 15. pii: jn243279. doi: 10.3945/jn.116.243279. [Epub ahead of print]

Supplemental Selenium May Decrease Ovarian Cancer Risk in African-American Women.

Terry PD1, Qin B2, Camacho F3, Moorman PG4, Alberg AJ5, Barnholtz-Sloan JS6, Bondy M7, Cote ML8, Funkhouser E9, Guertin KA3, Peters ES10, Schwartz AG8, Schildkraut JM3, Bandera EV2.

 

 

Pectasol-C could be a useful therapeutic tool for combination therapy of ovarian cancer

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(12):7561-8.

Synergistic effects of PectaSol-C modified citrus pectin an inhibitor of Galectin-3 and paclitaxel on apoptosis of human SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells.

Hossein G1, Keshavarz M, Ahmadi S, Naderi N.

 

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Two case studies of using antioxidants, including intravenous vitamin C, in conjunction with chemotherapy in cases of ovarian cancer.

 

J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Apr;22(2):118-23.

The use of antioxidants with first-line chemotherapy in two cases of ovarian cancer.

Drisko JA1, Chapman J, Hunter VJ.

 

 

Higher intake of omega-3 may protect from epithelial ovarian cancer whereas trans fats may increase risk.

 

Br J Cancer. 2014 Mar 4;110(5):1392-401. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.16. Epub 2014 Jan 28.

Dietary fat intake and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer by tumour histology.

Merritt MA, Cramer DW, Missmer SA, Vitonis AF, Titus LJ, Terry KL.

 

​Angelica Gigas Nakai inhibits doxorubicin-resistant ovarian cancer cell proliferation.

 

Phytother Res. 2016 Dec;30(12):2020-2026. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5708. Epub 2016 Sep 8.

Decursin in Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) Enhances Doxorubicin Chemosensitivity in NCI/ADR-RES Ovarian Cancer Cells via Inhibition of P-glycoprotein Expression.

Choi HS1, Cho SG2, Kim MK1, Kim MS1, Moon SH3, Kim IH1, Ko SG4.

 

 

These results suggest that Atractylenolide (Bai zhu) might be a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

 

Med Sci Monit. 2017 Jan 31;23:571-579.

Anti-Tumor Effects of Atractylenolide-I on Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Long F1, Wang T2, Jia P1, Wang H1, Qing Y1, Xiong T1, He M1, Wang X1.

 

 

Antrodia camphorata may exert anti-tumor activity against human ovarian carcinoma.

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J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Jun 21;148(1):254-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.023. Epub 2013 Apr 22.

The anti-cancer activity of Antrodia camphorata against human ovarian carcinoma (SKOV-3) cells via modulation of HER-2/neu signaling pathway.

Yang HL1, Lin KY, Juan YC, Kumar KJ, Way TD, Shen PC, Chen SC, Hseu YC.

 

 

Bupleurum chinense extract could induce potent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on ovarian cancer cells.

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J BUON. 2015 Sep-Oct;20(5):1341-9.

Antioxidant, anticancer and apoptotic effects of the Bupleurum chinense root extract in HO-8910 ovarian cancer cells.

Gu LY1, Chen Z, Zhao J, Ruan XJ, Zhao SY, Gao H.

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The literature in PubMed and two other scientific data bases, as well as clinical observations, support the use of green tea for prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer. 

 

Gynecol Oncol. 2012 Sep;126(3):491-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.048. Epub 2012 May 4.

Green tea for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment: a systematic review of the in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies.

Trudel D, Labbé DP, Bairati I, Fradet V, Bazinet L, Têtu B.

 

 

Green tea consumption post-diagnosis is recommended.

 

Int J Cancer. 2004 Nov 10;112(3):465-9.

Green tea consumption enhances survival of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Zhang M, Lee AH, Binns CW, Xie X

 

 

Ginger has a profound effect on a whole panel of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines as described below. It demonstrates potential to prevent and treat ovarian cancer.

 

BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007 Dec 20;7:44.

Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells.

Rhode J, Fogoros S, Zick S, Wahl H, Griffith KA, Huang J, Liu JR.

 

 

“Treatment with …GB (Ginkgo Biloba) for 3 days significantly inhibited SKOV3 and CAOV3 cell proliferation by 57.3% and 63.1% compared with control cells. Similarly, the apoptotic cell population was increased when treated with GB in a dose-dependent manner both in SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells.

…In addition, a combined treatment of low concentrations of GB and CDDP (a chemo drug) showed an additive effect on the inhibition of SKOV3 cell proliferation. Furthermore, GB had significantly less cytotoxicity than CDDP in normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells.”

 

Integr Cancer Ther. 2014 May;13(3):NP10-7. doi: 10.1177/1534735411433833. Epub 2012 Apr 13.

Ginkgo May Sensitize Ovarian Cancer Cells to Cisplatin: Antiproliferative and Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Ginkgolide B on Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Jiang W, Cong Q, Wang Y, Ye B, Xu C.

 

 

Ginkgo may prevent BRAC1 “mutant ovarian epithelial cells” through various signaling pathways controlling “cell division, tumor suppression, and DNA repair.”

 

Eur J Cancer Prev. 2011 Nov;20(6):508-17. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328348fbb7.

Ginkgo may prevent genetic-associated ovarian cancer risk: multiple biomarkers and anticancer pathways induced by ginkgolide B in BRCA1-mutant ovarian epithelial cells.

Jiang W, Qiu W, Wang Y, Cong Q, Edwards D, Ye B, Xu C.

 

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“This combined epidemiological and biological data provide supportive evidence for further studies of the chemopreventive or therapeutic effects of Ginkgo and ginkgolides on ovarian cancer.”

 

Cancer Lett. 2007 Jun 18;251(1):43-52. Epub 2006

Dec 27.

Ginkgo biloba and ovarian cancer prevention: epidemiological and biological evidence.

Ye B, Aponte M, Dai Y, Li L, Ho MC, Vitonis A, Edwards D, Huang TN, Cramer DW.

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A 15% flaxseed diet fed to hens reduced the pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic environment in their ovaries.

 

Br J Nutr. 2015 May 14;113(9):1384-95. doi: 10.1017/S000711451500029X. Epub 2015 Apr 8.

Flaxseed reduces the pro-carcinogenic micro-environment in the ovaries of normal hens by altering the PG and oestrogen pathways in a dose-dependent manner.

Dikshit A, Gomes Filho MA, Eilati E, McGee S, Small C, Gao C, Klug T, Hales DB.

 

 

The findings (described below) “may provide the basis for clinical trials of dietary intervention targeting prostaglandin biosynthesis for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer.”

Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2013 Sep;89(4):179-87. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Aug 14.

Flaxseed enriched diet-mediated reduction in ovarian cancer severity is correlated to the reduction of prostaglandin E(2) in laying hen ovaries.

Eilati E, Hales K, Zhuge Y, Ansenberger Fricano K, Yu R, van Breemen RB, Hales DB.

 

 

Apoptosis and suppressed tumor growth seen when using Vitexin, a class of natural lignan compounds, whose action and anticancer effect is mediated by different mechanisms than classic lignans. This study pertains to estrogen-based cancers.

 

Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Aug 15;15(16):5161-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0661. Epub 2009 Aug 11.

Vitexins, nature-derived lignan compounds, induce apoptosis and suppress tumor growth.

Zhou Y, Liu YE, Cao J, Zeng G, Shen C, Li Y, Zhou M, Chen Y, Pu W, Potters L, Shi YE.

 

 

Apigenin was able to suppress the growth of ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Apigenin is a flavonoid found in celery, oregano, tarragon, cilantro, basil, parsley, tea, chamomile, wheat sprouts, and some fruit.

 

Mol Med Rep.  2015 Mar;11(3):2221-6. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2974. Epub 2014 Nov 18.

Apigenin inhibits the self-renewal capacity of human ovarian cancer SKOV3‑derived sphere-forming cells.

Tang AQ, Cao XC, Tian L, He L, Liu F.

 

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The flavonoids, luteolin and kaempferol are promising for the treatment of … ovarian cancers. Luteolin is found in celery, hot peppers, rutabagas, spinach, parsley, thyme, peppermint and basil. Foods that contain kaempferol include tomatoes, green tea, onions, broccoli, brussel sprouts, squash, cucumbers, lettuce, green beans, blackberries, raspberries, and spinach.

“Knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.”

 

Pharmacogn Rev. 2014 Jul;8(16):122-46. doi: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247.

Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types.

Sak K.

 

 

Oral uptake of flavonoids is not only effective in preventing orthotopic ovarian cancer, it inhibits metastasis in a nude mouse model.

 

Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(6):7271-82. doi: 10.3390/ijms13067271. Epub 2012 Jun 13.

Oral administration of apigenin inhibits metastasis through AKT/P70S6K1/MMP-9 pathway in orthotopic ovarian tumor model.

He J, Xu Q, Wang M, Li C, Qian X, Shi Z, Liu LZ, Jiang BH.

 

 

Apigenin (a flavonoid found in some herbs, vegetables and fruits) inhibits rapid cell growth of ovarian cancer A2780 cells. “Elevated Id1, a DNA protein, is found in ovarian cancers. Its level correlates with the malignant potential of ovarian tumors.”

 

FEBS Lett. 2009 Jun 18;583(12):1999-2003. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.013. Epub 2009 May 15.

Apigenin inhibits proliferation of ovarian cancer A2780 cells through Id1.

Li ZD, Hu XW, Wang YT, Fang J.

 

 

Several flavonoids were tested against ovarian cancer cells. “The order of potency was genistein > kaempferol > apigenin > quercetin > tocopherol > luteolin > cisplatin > rutin > naringin > taxifolin. Genistein, quercetin, and luteolin have shown strong inhibition to cell proliferation and VEGF expression… promising in the prevention of ovarian cancers.”

 

Nutr Cancer. 2008; 60(6):800-9. doi: 10.1080/01635580802100851.

Inhibition of cell growth and VEGF expression in ovarian cancer cells by flavonoids.

Luo H, Jiang BH, King SM, Chen YC.

 

 

There are four derivatives in black tea that inhibit ovarian cancer cells, but some of the effects and mechanisms are different. They all caused cancer cell death, among other effects.

 

Anticancer Res. 2016 Feb;36(2):643-51.

Inhibitory Effects of the Four Main Theaflavin Derivatives Found in Black Tea on Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Gao Y, Rankin GO, Tu Y, Chen YC.

 

 

Corilagin causes genetic changes and cell death of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells. It is found in Traditional Chinese Medicinal plants. It shows potential as a new cancer treatment.

 

Onco Targets Ther. 2017 Mar 31;10:1941-1946. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S135315. eCollection 2017.

Apoptotic and genomic effects of corilagin on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line.

Attar R, Cincin ZB, Bireller ES, Cakmakoglu B.

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Vitamin D delays ovarian cancer induced from DMBA, a stimulant found in certain pre-work out and weight loss formulas.

 

Onco Targets Ther. 2016 Apr 19;9:2365-75. doi: 10.2147/OTT.S100581. eCollection 2016.

Vitamin D postpones the progression of epithelial ovarian cancer induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene both in vitro and in vivo.

Liu L, Hu Z, Zhang H, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Zhou G, Li B.

 

 

These Chinese herbs had multiple effects on ovarian and endometrial cancer cells.

 

Mol Carcinog. 2015 May;54(5):368-78. doi: 10.1002/mc.22107. Epub 2013 Nov 19.

The Chinese herbs Scutellaria baicalensis and Fritillaria cirrhosa target NFκB to inhibit proliferation of ovarian and endometrial cancer cells.

Kavandi L, Lee LR, Bokhari AA, Pirog JE, Jiang Y, Ahmad KA, Syed V.

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Medicinal plants provide selenium-enriched polysaccharides that inhibit growth and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.

 

Oncotarget. May 10;7(19):28369-83. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8619.

Selenium-enriched polysaccharides from Pyracantha fortuneana (Se-PFPs) inhibit the growth and invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells through inhibiting β-catenin signaling.

Sun Q, Dong M, Wang Z, Wang C , Sheng D, Li Z, Huang D, Yuan C.

 

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Dendritic cell immunotherapy combined with other immunotherapies show promise for patients with late stage disease.

 

Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2016 Jun;16(6):643-52. doi: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1178576. Epub 2016 May 13.

Understanding dendritic cell immunotherapy in ovarian cancer.

Drakes ML, Stiff PJ.

 

 

Melatonin helps keep new blood vessels from forming to support the tumor in papillary ovarian cancer in this rat model. This process, called angiogenesis, is important to stop, because it leads to the progression of the disease.

 

Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Apr 11;18(4). pii: E763. doi: 10.3390/ijms18040763.

Melatonin Reduces Angiogenesis in Serous Papillary Ovarian Carcinoma of Ethanol-Preferring Rats.

Zonta YR, Martinez M, Camargo IC, Domeniconi RF, Lupi Júnior LA, Pinheiro PF, Reiter RJ, Martinez FE, Chuffa LG

 

 

A specific mixture of ascorbic acid, lysine, proline, green tea extract and quercetin showed multiple effects on a particular ovarian cancer cell line as described below.

 

Nutrients. 2017 Mar 18;9(3). pii: E303. doi: 10.3390/nu9030303.

A Specific Mixture of Nutrients Suppresses Ovarian Cancer A-2780 Tumor Incidence, Growth, and Metastasis to Lungs.

Roomi MW, Kalinovsky T, Rath M, Niedzwiecki A.

 

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Silibinin is the primary compound found in Milk Thistle Seed extract. It inhibited cell division and invasiveness of epithelial ovarian cancer in a test tube model.    

 

Tumour Biol. 2016 Mar;37(3):3913-23. doi: 10.1007/s13277-015-4220-6. Epub 2015 Oct 19.

Effects of silibinin on growth and invasive properties of human ovarian carcinoma cells through suppression of heregulin/HER3 pathway.

Momeny M, Ghasemi R, Valenti G, Miranda M, Zekri A, Zarrinrad G, Javadikooshesh S, Yaghmaie M, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH.

 

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Spirulina phycocyanin comes from blue-green algae. It causes changes in protein expression and cell death of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells.

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Int J Biol Macromol. 2015 Nov;81:951-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.039. Epub 2015 Sep 26.

Spirulina phycocyanin induces differential protein expression and apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells.

Pan R, Lu R, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Zhu W, Yang R, Zhang E, Ying J, Xu T, Yi H, Li J, Shi M, Zhou L, Xu Z, Li P, Bao Q.

 

 

Whole flaxseed diet induces cell death in hen and human ovarian cancer.

 

J Nutr Biochem. 2017 Apr;42:117-125. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.002. Epub 2017 Jan 23.

Whole flaxseed diet alters estrogen metabolism to promote 2-methoxtestradiol-induced apoptosis in hen ovarian cancer.

Dikshit A, Hales K, Hales DB.

 

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The anti-cancer effect of the food borne phytochemical phenolic acid is examined both in vitro and in vivo models of colon cancer.

 

Chem Biol Interact. 2018 Jun 4. pii: S0009-2797(18)30171-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.06.001. [Epub ahead of print]

Antiproliferative effect of p-Coumaric acid targets UPR activation by downregulating Grp78 in colon cancer.

Sharma SH, Rajamanickam V, Nagarajan S.